c3b29ff3-0766-4525-88e7-a3f7aa079988Paddy rice grains, at field (15% H2O content) (economic allocation)conventional irrigated paddy rice cultivationproduction mix, at producer15% H2OMaterials productionFood and renewable raw materialsThe data set covers all relevant process steps / technologies over the supply chain of the represented cradle to gate inventory with a sufficient overall data quality. Mainly based on literature.
For detailed description of the production processes please refer to technical description section.01 kg of rice grain (15% H2O) harvestedAverage of south china: the data set represents the country / region specific situation (South China), focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics and / or import statistics.
12.1833° N, 113.2167° EForeground system:
Rice can be grown in dry-fields, but paddy field agriculture is the dominant form of growing rice. After harvest, the fields are ploughed or sometimes left as stubble for the entire winter. For preparation of planting the fields are flooded, often by means of an elaborate network of channels and pipelines. Together with the soil the water forms a deep layer of soft mud, which has to be levelled so that all parts get the same treatment. The seedlings are grown in trays, in a sort of fibre matting, until they are ready for planting out, these days with the help of planting machinery. The harvest takes place usually in late September or early October, by small combine harvesters.
When harvested from the field, rice is in the form of paddy (or “rough”) rice, where the kernel is fully enveloped by the rice hull. After being dried, the hull is removed in the first stage of milling, yielding brown rice. In the second stage of milling, the outer brown layer is removed to produce white rice. The outer brown layer, called “rice bran,” is composed of the rice germ and several sub layers which account for approximately 8% by weight of paddy rice and contain over 60% of the nutrients found in each kernel of rice.(Cheruvanky 2009)
Paddy rice system produces high methane emissions due to anaerobic conditions during the whole cultivation period. This system produces 0,045 kg CH4 / kg of rice
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity from renewable and non- renewable powerplants is modelled so that it represents a country’s specific consumption mix including transmission / distribution losses, own consumption, imports, emissions and efficiency standards, and energy carrier properties. Several factors are taken into account. (1) Energy carrier production - The exploration, mining / production, processing, and transportation of energy carrier supply chains are modelled for each country. The models account for differences among countries in production and processing, including crude oil production technologies, flaring rates, production efficiencies, emissions, etc. (2) Energy carrier supply - Each country’s specific energy carrier supply is modelled, taking into account domestic supply versus imports from abroad. Energy carrier properties (e.g. carbon and energy content), which can vary depending from where an energy carrier is sourced, are adjusted accordingly. (3) Power plants - Models are created to represent energy carrier-specific power plants and electricity generation facilities specific to different renewable energy resources. Energy carrier production and supply models are used to represent power plant inputs. Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are also considered. (4) Electricity grid - Models representing the electricity generation facilities are combined into a larger model that reflects a country’s consumption mix. The larger model accounts for a country’s production mix, internal consumption (e.g. pumped storage for hydro power), transmission / distribution losses, and imported electricity. The country model is also adjusted according to national power plant emission and efficiency standards, as well as the country’s share of electricity plants versus CHP facilities.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled to reflect each country’s emission standards and typical energy carriers (e.g., coal, natural gas, etc.) Both thermal energy and process steam are assumed to be produced at heat plants. Thermal energy datasets assume energy carrier inputs are converted to thermal energy with 100% efficiency; process steam datasets assume conversion efficiencies of 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to each country’s import situation (see electricity above).
Transportation: All relevant and known transportation processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers and their respective properties are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model aims to represent each country’s refining processes (e.g. emissions levels, internal energy consumption, etc.), as well as the country’s product output spectrum, which can vary significantly among countries. The supply of crude oil is likewise modelled according to the country-specific situation and accounts for differences in resource properties (e.g., crude oil energy content).Electricity grid mixDiesel mix at refineryTruck-trailer, Euro 4, up to 28t gross weight / 12.4t payload capacityProvision of a standard natural product according to the applied technology.renewables_rice grains.jpgThe model represents an irrigated, conventional, lowland rice cultivation in China. Specifications on the production system were assumed according to Iqbal et al. 2009. The system under consideration was a conventional, continuously flooded rice cropping system at a 5 cm level in Xianning, Hubei, China. Books and journal publications, as well as IRRI 1989 and the Phyllis knowledge databases (PHYLLIS 2010) and the KTBL handbook (KTBL 2008), were used to build the reference system to ensure consistency and the validity of data.Due to the anaerobic conditions in paddy fields rice cultivation leads to large emissions of methane. These emissions are considered and modeled according to IPCC 2006.
Stover was assumed to be left on the field, the nutritional value was considered as a credit for the following crop. The impact of organic material on the methane creation potential was considered using formula of IPCC 2003.
Field emissions of NH3, NOx, N2, NO3-, and N2O gases from organic and mineral fertilizer degradation have been assessed based on Bouwmann, A. F. 1996, Brentrup, F. et. al. 2000, IPCC 2003 and IPCC 2008.
The agricultural model within GaBi used for calculation assumes that nitrate is stored in the soil, so after accounting for uptake by crop and losses a defined fraction of the input is available in the following production period.
Impacts associated with atmospheric deposition of different forms of nitrogen play an important role in eco systems and were included in this assessment. In addition a nutrient input from irrigation water was assumed to be N 0.5 mg N*Lˉ¹, P 0.2 mg N*Lˉ¹, K 2 mg N*Lˉ¹, Ca 16 mg N*Lˉ¹ and Mg 2 mg N*Lˉ¹ (Dobermann 1996).
Carbon dioxide uptake and conversion by the crop (removing CO2 from the atmosphere) is assessed in order to understand the carbon losses during post harvest processing. The carbon dioxide uptake is considered as a carbon dioxide input flow in the GaBi dataset.The carbon losses associated with land use changes (e.g. forest clearance to produce agricultural land) have not been considered in this study. Land Use Change has to be considered if natural, original area is converted to agricultural land. In the present case the previous land use was assumed to be crop land, therefore carbon losses associated with area clearance and land use change to produce agricultural land were neglected.LCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - massForeground system: In the majority of cases allocation is avoided by subdivision of the multifunction process into sub-processes.
A reference system, which covers the emissions occurring under natural system conditions, was considered by system expansion. The reference system chosen for this dataset was crop land. As the basis for comparison the area was chosen (one hectare). For details on allocation approach please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles".
BACKGROUND system: For the combined heat and power production, allocation by exergetic content is applied. For the electricity generation and by-products, e.g. gypsum, allocation by market value is applied due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by net calorific value and mass is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production allocation by net calorific value is applied.Direct land use change: GHG emissions from direct LUC allocated to good/service for 20 years after the LUC occurs.
Carbon storage and delayed emissions: credits associated with temporary (carbon) storage or delayed emissions are not considered in the calculation of the Global Warming Potential impacts for the default impact categories.
Emissions off-setting: not included
Fossil and biogenic carbon emissions and removals: removals and emissions are modelled as follows: All GHG emissions from fossil fuels (including peat and limestone) are modelled consistently with the ILCD list of elementary flows. In the case that the emissions refer to the molecules CO2 and CH4, they are modelled as ‘carbon dioxide (fossil)’ and ‘methane (fossil)’. Biogenic uptake and emissions are modelled separately. For land use change, all carbon emissions and uptakes are inventoried separately for each of the elementary flows. Soil carbon accumulation (uptake) via improved agricultural management is excluded from the model.NoneGaBi Modelling PrinciplesThe cut-off criteria were set in accordance with the relevant ISO standard 14040 as follows:
Mass – If a flow is less than 2 % of the cumulative mass of all the inputs and outputs of the LCI model, it may be excluded, provided its environmental relevance is not of concern.
Energy – If a flow is less than 2 % of the cumulative energy of all the inputs and outputs of the LCI model, it may be excluded, provided its environmental relevance is not of concern.
Environmental relevance – If a flow meets the above criteria for exclusion, yet is thought to potentially have a significant environmental impact, it will be included. All material flows which leave the system (emissions) and whose environmental impacts are higher than 1 % of the entire impact of an impact category that has been considered in the assessment, has been covered.
The sum of the neglected material flows does not exceed 5 % of mass, energy or envi-ronmental relevance. Cut-off criteria have been applied on unit processes and not on calculated inventories.NoneDataset is based on literature sources. For details please see the reference list and the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneIRRI (1989): Towards 2000 and BeyondIqbal J., Hu R., Lin S., Hatano R., Feng M., Lu L., Ahamadou B., Du L. (2009): CO2 emission in a subIPCC (2003): Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and ForestryH. Hasegawa, Y. Furukawa, S.D. Kimura (2005): On-farm assessment of organic amendments effects on nH. Harada, H. Kobayashi H. Shindo (2007): Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by no-tilling rice Food and agricultural organization of the united nations. Statistics.Dobermann and K.G. Cassman, (1996): Precision Nutrient Management in Intensive Irrigated Rice SysteCHERUVANKY 2009 - What is Rice Bran?BRENTRUP, F. ET. AL. 2000 - Methods to estimate on-field nitrogen emissions from crop production as BOUWMANN, A. F. 1996 - Direct emission of nitrous oxide from agricultural soils95.0in 2011 China produced 200 million tonnes of rice [FAO stats, 2013]LiteraturenoneThe data set represents a cradle to gate inventory. It can be used to characterise the supply chain situation of the respective commodity in a representative manner. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs.All relevant flows quantifiedAnthropogenic Abiotic Depletion Potential (AADP), TU BerlinCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Eutrophication Potential (EP)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)CML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), excl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), incl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), Land Use Change only, no norm/weightCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements), Economic ReserveCML2001 - Jan. 2016, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements), Reserve BaseEF 2.0 AcidificationEF 2.0 Human toxicity, cancerEF 2.0 Climate Change - totalEF 2.0 Ecotoxicity, freshwaterEF 2.0 Eutrophication, freshwaterEF 2.0 Eutrophication, marineEF 2.0 Eutrophication, terrestrialEF 2.0 Ionising radiation, human healthEF 2.0 Land UseEF 2.0 Human toxicity, non-cancerEF 2.0 Ozone depletionEF 2.0 Photochemical ozone formation, human healthEF 2.0 Resource use, fossilsEF 2.0 Resource use, mineral and metalsEF 2.0 Particulate matterEF 2.0 Water useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater ConsumptionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (E) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate Change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater Consumption, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater Consumption, Terrest EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater Consumption, Freshw EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (E) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater ConsumptionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (H) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater Consumption, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater Consumption, Terrest EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater Consumption, Freshw EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (H) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater ConsumptionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Marine EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Human Health, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, excl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biog. C, incl LUC, no norm/weighReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Human Health, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Midpoint (I) - Climate change, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpt(I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, LUC only, no norm/weightReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Marine ecotoxicityReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Human toxicity, non-cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, default, excl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Terrest Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Human Health, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Climate change Freshw Ecosystems, incl biogenic carbonReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Metal depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Photochemical Ozone Formation, EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Fossil depletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Human toxicity, cancerReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater Consumption, Human HealthReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater Consumption, Terrest EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater Consumption, Freshw EcosystemsReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Stratospheric Ozone DepletionReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Fine Particulate Matter FormationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Terrestrial AcidificationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Ionizing RadiationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Freshwater EutrophicationReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Land useReCiPe 2016 v1.1 Endpoint (I) - Marine EutrophicationIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl cc fb, incl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbonIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP100, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GWP20, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP100, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, Land Use Change only, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP50, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightIPCC AR5 GTP20, incl cc fb, excl biogenic carbon, incl Land Use Change, no norm/weightLANCA v2.3, Biotic Production Loss Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Biotic Production Loss Potential (Transformation)LANCA v2.3, Erosion Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Erosion Potential (Transformation)LANCA v2.3, Groundwater Regeneration Reduction Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Groundwater Regeneration Reduction Potential (Transformation)LANCA v2.3, Infiltration Reduction Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Infiltration Reduction Potential (Transformation)LANCA v2.3, Physicochemical Filtration Reduction Potential (Occupation)LANCA v2.3, Physicochemical Filtration Reduction Potential (Transformation)TRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Resources, Fossil fuelsTRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended)TRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl. biogenic carbonTRACI 2.1, Smog AirTRACI 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended)TRACI 2.1, AcidificationTRACI 2.1, EutrophicationTRACI 2.1, Human Health Particulate AirTRACI 2.1, Ozone Depletion AirTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, excl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, LUC only, no norm/weightTRACI 2.1, Global Warming Air, incl biogenic carbon, incl LUC, no norm/weightUBP 2013, Carcinogenic substances into airUBP 2013, Energy resourcesUBP 2013, Global warmingUBP 2013, Heavy metals into airUBP 2013, Heavy metals into soilUBP 2013, Heavy metals into waterUBP 2013, Land useUBP 2013, Main air pollutantsUBP 2013, Mineral resourcesUBP 2013, Non radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Ozone layer depletionUBP 2013, Pesticides into soilUBP 2013, POP into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into airUBP 2013, Radioactive substances into waterUBP 2013, Radioactive waste to depositUBP 2013, Water pollutantsUBP 2013, Water resourcesUBP 2013, Global warming, incl Land Use ChangeUBP 2013, Global warming, Land Use Change onlyUSEtox 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended and interim)USEtox 2.1, Ecotoxicity (recommended only)USEtox 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended and interim)USEtox 2.1, Human toxicity, cancer (recommended only)USEtox 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended and interim)USEtox 2.1, Human toxicity, non-canc. (recommended only)AWARE, high characterization factor for unspecified waterAWARE, low characterization factor for unspecified waterAWARE, OECD+BRIC average for unspecified waterBlue water consumptionBlue water useTotal freshwater consumption (including rainwater)Total freshwater useWSI, high characterization factor for unspecified waterWSI, low characterization factor for unspecified waterWSI, OECD+BRIC average for unspecified waterAWARE (excl hydropower), high characterization factor for unspecified waterAWARE (excl hydropower), low characterization factor for unspecified waterAWARE (excl hydropower), OECD+BRIC average for unspecified waterBlue water consumption (excl hydropower)Blue water use (excl hydropower)Total freshwater consumption (excl hydropower, including rainwater)Total freshwater use (excl hydropower)WSI (excl hydropower), high characterization factor for unspecified waterWSI (excl hydropower), low characterization factor for unspecified waterWSI (excl hydropower), OECD+BRIC average for unspecified waterThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.Sphera Solutions GmbHOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 2,3 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
ILCD = 2,6 interpreted into "basic overall quality" in the ILCD quality validation scheme
PEF = 2,3 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the PEF quality validation schemeGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedFully compliantFully compliantNot definedFully compliantNot definedSphera Solutions GmbHLCI dataset for use in Life Cycle Assessments involving rice. The data set represents a cradle to gate inventory. It can be used to characterise the supply chain situation of the respective commodity in a representative manner. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. The data set does not necessarily fit for any possible specific supply situation - especially if significantly different technology routes exist - but is representative for a common supply chain situation.Sphera Solutions GmbH2022-03-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Sphera Solutions GmbHNo official approval by producer or operator2022-03-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesSphera Solutions GmbHtrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of Sphera Solutions GmbH. Sphera Solutions GmbH delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Rice, grains (15% H2O content)Output1.01.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryEstimatedvaluable