c2c5236c-edce-4e1e-a087-3edc404d1cd2Light reactive dyeing in jigger (cellulose component)technology mixSystemsTextiles, furnitures and other interiorsThe data are of industrial origin, thus the data quality can be considered as high. Though no data are available for the specific waste flows for this process their contribution to the environmental impact of this process can be assumed as low. Water losses due to evaporation are not recorded.0The data set represents the country / region specific situation, focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics and / or import statistics.For dyeing PES-cellulose blends disperse dyes are used for the polyester component. These dyes stain the cellulose fibres only slightly and can be removed by washing or, if needed, reductive after-treatment. The cellulose portion, linen (flax), cotton or viscose, is dyed with reactive, vat and direct dyes. PES fibres are not or only slightly stained by these dyes. While dyeing the following physical resp. chemical processes occur: 1. the dye diffuses from the liquor to the textile material 2. the dye molecules accumulate on the surface of the fabric, what is controlled by the affinity of the colourant for the fibre 3. the dye diffuses into the interior of the fibre, a process which is slower than the transport processes of the dye to the fibre 4. the dye must be fixed within the substrate, e. g. by covalent bonds, by Van der Waals forces and other short range forces between the fibre and the dye. Reactive dyes contain chemical groups that are able to form covalent bonds with the fibres. They are mostly used for cellulose fibres like viscose and cotton. Dyeing can be carried out in a continuous process or, as it is done in the analyzed process, in batch mode. Batch dyeing means that a certain amount of textile material is put into the dyeing machine and brought to equilibrium with a solution which contains the dye and the auxiliaries. This process can last from minutes to hours depending on the fibre and the dye. When the right shade is reached the dye bath is drained and the textile material must be washed to remove unfixed dyes and chemicals. An important parameter is the liquor ratio, i. e. the weight ratio between the total dry material and the liquor. The following chemicals may be needed for dyeing cellulose fibres with reactive dyes: alkali (e. g. soda), salt (sodium chloride or sodium sulphate). In a continuous process also urea may be added to the liquor. The necessary amount of dye is 0.05 % of the dry weight of the fabric for light dyeing. The machine used for the analyzed process is a jigger, which consists of a tub containing the bath and two rolls on which the fabric is alternately wound. Provision of a standard technical product according to the applied technology.f316d700-9008-11db-b606-0800200c9a66_textile_light reactive dyeing in jigger (cellulose component).jpgUnit process, single operationAttributionalNoneNot applicableAll data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98 % of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgement).
For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneWater from filtration replaced by water (feed water) from the process potable water from groundwater. For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles".NoneReference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Textile IndustryTextile Fertigungsverfahren - Eine Einfuehrung, 1998Data processed by ENEA in the context of the Towards Effluent Zero project (Towef0)100.0The data set represents a gate to gate unit process. It can be used to characterise related processes in LCAs. Process can be used for: flax, cotton-polyester fabric (dyeing of cellulose component). The modelling includes the process in itself. The supply of energy and raw material has to be combined specifically for each location. For flax-polyester use Light reactive dyeing in jigger (flax-PES), because less fabric is going in.No statementThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.Sphera Solutions GmbHIABP-GaBiFraunhofer IBPThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedNot definedFully compliantNot definedNot definedNot definedSphera Solutions GmbHThe data set represents a cradle to gate inventory. It can be used to characterise the supply chain situation of the respective commodity in a representative manner. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. The data set does not necessarily fit for any possible specific supply situation - especially if significantly different technology routes exist - but is representative for a common supply chain situation.Sphera Solutions GmbH2022-03-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Sphera Solutions GmbHNo official approval by producer or operator2022-03-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesSphera Solutions GmbH / ENEAtrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of Sphera Solutions GmbH. Sphera Solutions GmbH delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.FabricOutput1.01.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable