b8ead13c-58db-41f4-abb9-4015088a24a0Backing bricks, unfilled, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mauerziegel AMZ (A5)Tunnel furnacesingle route, at plant550 - 2000 kg/m³, bricks unfilledMaterials productionOther mineralic materialsThis data set contains the results for the module A5 according to EN 15804. It includes the disposal of packaging materials at the building stage.
A comparison with other products is only allowed by a similar application in the building. In principle, a comparison or evaluation of EPD data is only possible if all the datasets are created to be compared to EN 15804 and the product-specific features are considered.01 t bricks, unfilledArbeitsgemeinschaft Mauerziegel
im Bundesverband der Deutschen Ziegelindustrie e.V.
Schaumburg-Lippe-Str. 4
53113 Bonn
GermanyForeground system: Backing bricks belong to the group of baked clay building materials.
The manufacturing process can we divided into the following phases:
1) mining and storage of raw materials, clay is the main raw material,
2) preparing and processing of raw materials,
3) forming the brick via extruder,
4) drying (about 24hours),
5) firing (The bricks are fired in tunnel kilns, 1000°C, max. 24hours). and cooling and
6) storing finished products
The final products are packaged with plastics and wooden pallets.
The installation is not part of the system boundaries, since losses during installation depend on the building and installation itself.
Module A5 contains the packaging waste treatment at construction site only.
During the use phase (B modules) no environmental impacts are accounted for, since no resources are used or emissions released (RSL 150 years).
After the use phase bricks are assumed to be de-constructed with the help of construction machines.
Within the End of life scenario it is assumed that 4% of the inert material is landfilled (module C4) and 96% are recycled into gravel during construction waste processing (module C3).
The environmental profile of module D includes credits resulting from the combustion of the proportionate product packaging from A5. Further it contains credits resulting from the recycling of the product in C3 (gravel credit).
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.Load bearing and non-load bearing internal walls, masonry in external walls, cellar wallsLCI resultAttributionalnoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - exergetic contentAllocation - massForeground system: Used secondary materials in production (de-inking sludge, waste paper, waste mineral wool) are assumed to be without any burden. Production waste is partly looped back in production (closed loop), surplus inert waste goes to external recycling. These waste flows leave the system boundaries without any burden.
Background system: For the combined heat and power production, allocation by exergetic content is applied. For the electricity generation and by-products, e.g. gypsum, allocation by market value is applied due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by net calorific value and mass is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production allocation by net calorific value is applied.
For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"Direct land use change: GHG emissions from direct LUC allocated to good/service for 20 years after the LUC occurs.
Carbon storage and delayed emissions: credits associated with temporary (carbon) storage or delayed emissions are not considered in the calculation of the Global Warming Potential impacts for the default impact categories.
Emissions off-setting: not included
Fossil and biogenic carbon emissions and removals: removals and emissions are modelled as follows: All GHG emissions from fossil fuels (including peat and limestone) are modelled consistently with the ILCD list of elementary flows. In the case that the emissions refer to the molecules CO2 and CH4, they are modelled as ‘carbon dioxide (fossil)’ and ‘methane (fossil)’. Biogenic uptake and emissions are modelled separately. For land use change, all carbon emissions and uptakes are inventoried separately for each of the elementary flows. Soil carbon accumulation (uptake) via improved agricultural management is excluded from the model.NoneGaBi Modelling PrinciplesEN 15804IBU-Deklaration AMZ: Hintermauerziegel (ungefüllt), EPD-AMZ-20140244-ICG1-DE, 2015Cut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95% of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98% of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgment).NoneLCI modelling is fully consistent.NoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneGaBi databases95.0Not applicableannual production data 2013NoneA5: The environmental profile includes expenses for the disposal of packaging waste during installation phase.All relevant flows quantifiedCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Eutrophication Potential (EP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), incl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), excl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), Land Use Change only, no norm/weightThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.
Sphera Solutions GmbHIBUThis EPD dataset represents the specific product, producer and phase of the life cycle incated in the name of the data set. Basically, an evaluation of EPD data is only possible if all the data sets to be compared were created according to EN 15804 and the building context, respectively the product-specific characteristics of performance, are taken into account.Sphera Solutions GmbH2022-03-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Sphera Solutions GmbHNo official approval by producer or operator2022-03-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedAMZtrueOtherThe EPD owner has agreed to add LCI information corresponding to the EPD to the GaBi databases. The data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies with GaBi software and databases. Any use of the LCI data outside of the GaBi software and databases should not be considered before having received any written permission from Sphera. GaBi (source code, database including extension databases modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of Sphera Solutions GmbH. Sphera Solutions GmbH delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Brick, unfilledOutput1000.01000.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable