709cd7af-c2ee-4314-aea6-828fb9f295c5Raw phosphate (32% P2O5)phosphate rock mining and beneficiation, including primary productionproduction mix, at plant32 % phosphate contentMaterials productionAgricultural production meansGood data quality. The data is based on recent industry data supplied by Fertilizers Europe as well as on literature and thus reflecting the reality in fertilzer production. Using the GaBi software system, the foreground data have been combined with LCI models integrating background LCI data on energy supply systems, ancillary processes and materials. Therefore, the data set covers all relevant process steps / technologies over the supply chain of the represented "cradle to Gate" inventory with a good overall data quality.
The Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP-GaBi), as an independent expert, has critically reviewed the entire LCI data profile including data consolidation, development for the various LCI models and the calculation of the associated LCI data sets.0The data set represents the situation for phosphate rock production in the EU-27.Foreground system:
Rock phosphate has a phosphorus content of 32 % P2O5 and is mainly used as a raw material for the production of P containing fertilizers. In this case the process is based on magmatic apatite phosphate ore (e.g. from Russia, as modelled in this process). In order to produce 1 tone of commercial phosphate rock with a content of 32 % P2O5, 5 tones phosphate ore must be mined and beneficiated in open pit or underground mines. The rock phosphate processing is energy intensive due to the mining, crushing and grinding of the phosphate ore. The phosphated sludge is assumed to be deposited on a landfill site and treated as an inert substance.
Emissions: The mining machine emits the following substances: Ammonia to air, Benzene, Benzo{a}pyrene , Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Dust, Formaldehyde (methanal), Hydrogen chloride, Methane, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrous oxide, NMVOC, Sulphur dioxide .
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.Inert matter (Glass) on landfillDiesel mix at refineryElectricity grid mixProcess steam from natural gas 95%Phosphate rock is used as a fertilizer in agriculture. It can also be used as component for the production of a multi-nutrient fertilizer. This data set provides a standard technical product according to the applied technology mix.intermediates_phosphate rock_32 p2o5_fertilizers europe.jpgLCI resultAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - exergetic contentAllocation - massForeground system: For the foreground system, no allocation was applied.
Background system: For the combined heat and power production, allocation by exergetic content is applied. For the electricity generation and by-products, e.g. gypsum, allocation by market value is applied due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by net calorific value and mass is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production allocation by net calorific value is applied.
For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"Direct land use change: GHG emissions from direct LUC allocated to good/service for 20 years after the LUC occurs.
Carbon storage and delayed emissions: credits associated with temporary (carbon) storage or delayed emissions are not considered in the calculation of the Global Warming Potential impacts for the default impact categories.
Emissions off-setting: not included
Fossil and biogenic carbon emissions and removals: removals and emissions are modelled as follows: All GHG emissions from fossil fuels (including peat and limestone) are modelled consistently with the ILCD list of elementary flows. In the case that the emissions refer to the molecules CO2 and CH4, they are modelled as ‘carbon dioxide (fossil)’ and ‘methane (fossil)’. Biogenic uptake and emissions are modelled separately. For land use change, all carbon emissions and uptakes are inventoried separately for each of the elementary flows. Soil carbon accumulation (uptake) via improved agricultural management is excluded from the model.NoneCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 98 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows and 98 % of their environmental relevance. Infrastructure is not included. Analyses were used to address the precision and uncertainty of relevant data as well as to justify the inclusion or exclusion of data from the system boundaries.NoneData set based on average site specific and literature data - on an annual basis. All data were collected and provided in a consistent way and consistent upstream data are used for all production and transportation processes.NoneIn cases where no primary data were available, literature data provided by Fertilizers Europe or calculated data was used.NoneBAT - Production of AmmoniaEnergy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in fertiliser productionLife Cycle Inventory (LCI) of Fertiliser ProductionBasisdaten für ökologische BilanzierungenDüngemittel - Energie- und StoffstrombilanzenGaBi databases90.0Primary data were collected on fertilizer production for the year 2011. These data were based on annual average data for the year 2011. The representative upstream data (mainly energies and fuels) were obtained from the yearly maintained GaBi databasesNoneThis data set can be used for LCA studies related to products made in Europe (EU-27). Phosphate rock is used as an ancillary product for the fertilizer industry. However, the data set can also be used for non fertilizer production purposes.
The data set includes the burden and credit associated with the upstream processing and production of energies that make up the production of the stated functional unit.All relevant flows quantifiedThe Scope of the Critical Review:
The reviewer had the task to assess whether
- the methods used to carry out the LCA follow the international standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044
- the methods used to carry out the LCA are scientifically and technically valid and correspond to the state of the art,
- the data used are appropriate and reasonable in relation to the goal of the project.
General evaluation:
The LCI model was applicable for the purpose of the project and had the capacity to support the goal of the project. Primary data were collected representing more than xx% of the production volume. Data quality is found to be good. However, when data gapy occured, the used literature data was not always up to date.
Conclusion:
The study has been carried out followig ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. The reviewer found the overall quality of the methodology and its execution to be goodfor the purposes of the study.Fertilizers EuropeOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 2,2 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
ILCD = 2,5 interpreted into "basic overall quality" in the ILCD quality validation scheme
PEF = 2,2 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the PEF quality validation schemeGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedFully compliantFully compliantNot definedFully compliantNot definedFertilizers EuropeNoneFertilizers Europe has collected LCI data representative for fertilizers in Europe to be used in LCA studies for or including crop production.
As an association representing the European fertilizers industry, Fertilizers Europe provides reliable scientific information to communicate the environmental performance of fertilizers to customers or retailers, non-governmental organizations and more generally those requiring such data for environmental studies or labelling purposes. Fertilizers Europe is interested in providing information on the continuous improvement of the environmental performance of fertilizers.Fertilizers Europe2022-03-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Fraunhofer IBPFertilizers Europe2022-03-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedFertilizers EuropetrueFree of charge for all users and usesThe data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perfom LCA studies, to distribute to third parties, to convert it to other formats, to develop own data sets etc. as long as the copyright and license conditions for the ELCD data sets and the ILCD format are met that can be accesses via http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Please note e.g. that reference must be given to 'Owner of data set' and to the 'ELCD database' plus version number, when using the data set or parts thereof. Please note also, that any modifications/omissions of the data set results in invalidity of any existing 'Official approval of data set by producer/operator', that the impression must be avoided that this would still be a complete ELCD data set and that the content of further fields has to be adjusted. For details see the aforementioned copyright and license conditions.Raw phosphate (32% P2O5)Output1.01.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable