43e1a082-0420-43c4-97da-f296b571f464Thermally improved aluminum extrusion, painted - AEC (A1-A3)Thermally improved aluminum extrusion, paintedsingle route, at plant2500-4500 Sq. ft. per metric ton, depending on the profileSystemsConstructionThis process represents North American thermally improved, painted aluminum extrusions. Primary data collected from members of the aluminum extrusion council (AEC). Overall data quality is very good.0The data set represents thermally improved, painted aluminum extrusion profiles from the USA and Canada, focusing on the main technologies and the legislative boundary conditions.The extrusion manufacturing process takes cast extrusion billet (round bar stock, produced from direct chill molds and typically ranging in diameter from 6 to 14 inches, depending on the extrusion press on which it will be processed) and produces extruded profiles. The process begins with an inline preheat furnace that elevates the temperature of the billet to a predetermined level, depending on the alloy. If not already cut to length, the billet is then sheared and placed into a hydraulic press, which then forces the semi-plastic billet through a heated steel die to form the desired shape. The length of the resulting extrusion is dictated by the take-off tables. The extrusions are air cooled or water quenched, with specific quench parameters dependent on alloy and desired properties. The extrusion is then clamped and stretched to straighten the profile. The straightened lengths are cut to intermediate or final length multiples and then typically aged in an aging oven to achieve the desired temper. Any production scrap generated during the extrusion and surface-treatment processes is collected and sent either to the company’s own cast house or to recycling facilities.
Extrusions to be painted are typically cleaned and then treated with a pre-coat in either a vertical or horizontal paint booth. Depending on the ultimate paint performance desired, a variety of pre-coats and primers may be employed. After pre-treatment, the extrusions will be coated with a liquid or powder paint and baked. Various paint formulations may be used depending on the desired performance.
Two alternative thermal barrier processes are typically employed. The first is a ""pour & debridge"" system in which a polyurethane liquid is allowed to harden in a ""pocket"" designed into the extrusion. The aluminum forming the pocket is then removed to allow the hardened polyurethane to act as an insulator. The second process is a polyamide strip system where a rigid polyamide strip is mechanically crimped between two extrusions designed to accept the strip—thus creating the insulator.ProductBecause of their many attributes and the variety of available finishing options, aluminum extrusions are useful in wide variety of products in various market sectors, including building and construction, transportation, electrical and energy, medical and consumer, machinery, military, and air.Partly terminated systemAttributionalnoneDirect land use change: GHG emissions from direct LUC allocated to good/service for 20 years after the LUC occurs.
Carbon storage and delayed emissions: credits associated with temporary (carbon) storage or delayed emissions are not considered in the calculation of the Global Warming Potential impacts for the default impact categories.
Emissions off-setting: not included
Fossil and biogenic carbon emissions and removals: removals and emissions are modelled as follows: All GHG emissions from fossil fuels (including peat and limestone) are modelled consistently with the ILCD list of elementary flows. In the case that the emissions refer to the molecules CO2 and CH4, they are modelled as ‘carbon dioxide (fossil)’ and ‘methane (fossil)’. Biogenic uptake and emissions are modelled separately. For land use change, all carbon emissions and uptakes are inventoried separately for each of the elementary flows. Soil carbon accumulation (uptake) via improved agricultural management is excluded from the model.NoneNo cut-off criteria were defined for this study. All available energy and material flow data have been included in the model. In cases where no matching life cycle inventories were available to represent a flow, proxy data have been applied based on conservative assumptions regarding environmental impacts.NoneAll primary data were collected using a customized data collection template, which were sent out by email to the data provider at the AEC member companies. Upon receipt, the questionnaire was cross-checked for completeness and plausibility using mass balance, stoichiometry, as well as internal and external benchmarking. If gaps, outliers, or other inconsistencies occurred, Sphera Solutions GmbH engaged with the data provider to resolve any open issues.NoneWhere manufacturing inputs, such as electricity use, were not sub-metered for the individual extrusion and finishing processes, they were distributed between the different product steps based on the production-weighted average energy and water use per metric ton of those facilities that did provide data for individual processes.None95.0N/AThe sampling procedure was self-selective, i.e., the AEC member companies volunteered to participate. Data was collected for 12 consecutive months of production to account for annual variability. The dataset is representative for the state of technology in 2015 and should be reviewed for technological change in 5 years.2015NoneThis cradle-to-gate dataset can be used as part of a full cradle-to-grave life cycle. Scrap input was left open so practitioners could apply different EoL allocation approaches. The EPDs associated with this dataset use the avoided burden approach on a net scrap basis to model the product's End-of-Life.All relevant flows quantifiedThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.Sphera Solutions GmbHOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 1,3 interpreted into "very good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
The EPD has been verified by an indipendent reviewer, who was organized by the IBU.IBUSphera Solutions GmbHThis EPD dataset represents the specific product, producer and phase of the life cycle incated in the name of the data set. Basically, an evaluation of EPD data is only possible if all the data sets to be compared were created according to EN 15804 and the building context, respectively the product-specific characteristics of performance, are taken into account.Sphera Solutions GmbH2022-03-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Sphera Solutions GmbH2022-03-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedSphera Solutions GmbHtrueOtherThe EPD owner has agreed to add LCI information corresponding to the EPD to the GaBi databases. The data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies with GaBi software and databases. Any use of the LCI data outside of the GaBi software and databases should not be considered before having received any written permission from Sphera. GaBi (source code, database including extension databases modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of Sphera Solutions GmbH. Sphera Solutions GmbH delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Aluminium extrusion thermally improvedOutput1.01.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable