187af247-e29c-4f8e-b215-47b40f2fe065Aerated concrete P8 08, not reinforced - H+H Deutschland GmbH (A1 - A3)mixing, autoclavesingle route, at producerclass P8 08, average density 884 kg/m³autoclaved aerated concrete, porous concreteSystemsConstructionThe data set covers all relevant process steps / technologies over the supply chain of the represented cradle to gate inventory with a good overall data quality. The inventory is mainly based on industry data and is completed, where necessary, by secondary data. This data set is based on primary data from internationally adopted production processes, connected with regional precursor chains.01 m³ P8 08The data set represents the specific situation of H+H Deutschland GmbH, production site Wittenborn I in Germany, focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics.Foreground system:
The system boundaries comprise the cradle to gate life cycle of aerated concrete (not reinforced) in the year 2013. The LCI dataset considers the production of the product and the required packaging material. Transportation processes for the raw materials are accounted for as far as data on average transport distances were available. Most of the precursors are delivered by truck.
All relevant material and energy flows were included in the system. Life cycle impacts of production equipment and infrastructure were not included in the system as no evidence could be justified that these are to any extent relevant and thus fell under the cut-off criteria. In mass production the impact of production equipment and infrastructure normally is in orders of magnitude lower than the impacts of material and energy supply.
The ground quartz sand is mixed with chalk, cement and recycling material, water and aluminum powder or paste, in a mixer, until it becomes a watery suspension. It is then poured into a casting mould. The water extinguishes the chalk if there is any heat development. The aluminum reacts in an alkaline milieu. Thus, gaseous hydrogen is formed which creates pores in the mass and escapes without leaving any residue. The pores are filled exclusively with air. After setting once, semisolid raw blocks are created, from which the autoclaved aerated concrete building components are then cut with high precision.
The formation of the final qualities of the building component occurs during the subsequent steam-curing over 5-12 hours at approximately 374 °F with approximately 12 bar pressure in steam pressure kettles or autoclaves, as they are called.
The used substances create calcium silicate hydrate, which corresponds to the naturally occurring mineral tobermorite. The reaction of the material is complete when removed from the autoclave. Therefore, the reaction does not take as long as the hardening of concrete. Once the steaming process is complete, the steam is used for other autoclave cycles. The condensation accumulating is used as process water. Thereby, energy is saved and harm to the environment due to hot exhaust steam and wastewater is avoided. Autoclaved aerated concrete building blocks are then piled onto wooden pallets and shrink-wrapped in polyethylene wrap.
Background system:
Electricity: Electricity is modelled according to the individual country-specific situations. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly, individual energy carrier specific power plants and plants for renewable energy sources are modelled according to the current national electricity grid mix. Modelling the electricity consumption mix includes transmission / distribution losses and the own use by energy producers (own consumption of power plants and "other" own consumption e.g. due to pumped storage hydro power etc.), as well as imported electricity. Secondly, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled as well as the share of electricity plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP). Thirdly, the country-specific energy carrier supply (share of imports and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific energy carrier properties (e.g. element and energy content) are accounted for. Fourthly, the exploration, mining/production, processing and transport processes of the energy carrier supply chains are modelled according to the specific situation of each electricity producing country. The different production and processing techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different energy producing countries are considered, e.g. different crude oil production technologies or different flaring rates at the oil platforms.
Thermal energy, process steam: The thermal energy and process steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to emission standards and considered energy carriers. The thermal energy and process steam are produced at heat plants. Efficiencies for thermal energy production are by definition 100% in relation to the corresponding energy carrier input. For process steam the efficiency ranges from 85%, 90% to 95%. The energy carriers used for the generation of thermal energy and process steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity above).
Transports: All relevant and known transport processes are included. Ocean-going and inland ship transport as well as rail, truck and pipeline transport of bulk commodities are considered.
Energy carriers: The energy carriers are modelled according to the specific supply situation (see electricity above).
Refinery products: Diesel fuel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, lubricants and residues such as bitumen are modelled with a parameterised country-specific refinery model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refining techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption, etc.) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific situation with the respective properties of the resources.Cement (CEM I 42.5) (burden free binders) (EN15804 A1-A3)Cement (CEM I 52.5) (burden free binders) (EN15804 A1-A3)Lime (CaO; finelime) (EN15804 A1-A3)Electricity grid mixThermal energy from LPGNon-reinforced building blocks for brick-laid, monolithic, load-bearing and non-load-
bearing wallsPartly terminated systemAttributionalNoneAllocation - market valueAllocation - net calorific valueAllocation - exergetic contentAllocation - massNot applicableForeground system: economic allocation for granulate products as co-products
Background system: For the combined heat and power production, allocation by exergetic content is applied. For the electricity generation and by-products, e.g. gypsum, allocation by market value is applied due to no common physical properties. Within the refinery allocation by net calorific value and mass is used. For the combined crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production allocation by net calorific value is applied.
For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"Foreground system: none
Background system: All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98 % of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgement).
For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneLCI modelling is fully consistent. For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneGaBi Modelling Principles100.0n/an/a01/2013-12/2013n/aThe data set represents a cradle to gate inventory (module A1-A3). It can be used to characterise the supply chain situation of the respective commodity in a representative manner. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs.No statementCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (FAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity Pot. (MAETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Terrestric Ecotoxicity Potential (TETP inf.)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Abiotic Depletion (ADP elements)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years), excl biogenic carbonCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100 years)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Abiotic Depletion (ADP fossil)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Eutrophication Potential (EP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Photochem. Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Acidification Potential (AP)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Ozone Layer Depletion Potential (ODP, steady state)CML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), incl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), excl bio. C, incl LUC, no norm/weightCML2001 - Apr. 2013, Global Warming Potential (GWP 100), Land Use Change only, no norm/weightThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit. The data set is in compliance with EN 15804.IBUOverall quality according to different validation schemes
GaBi = 1,8 interpreted into "good overall quality" in the GaBi quality validation scheme
ILCD = 1,9 interpreted into "basic overall quality" in the ILCD quality validation scheme
PEF = 1,8 interpreted into "very good overall quality" in the PEF quality validation schemeSphera Solutions GmbHThis background LCI data set can be used for any types of LCA studies.Sphera Solutions GmbH2022-03-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1Sphera Solutions GmbHNo official approval by producer or operator2022-03-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesSphera Solutions GmbHtrueOtherThe EPD owner has agreed to add LCI information corresponding to the EPD to the GaBi databases. The data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies with GaBi software and databases. Any use of the LCI data outside of the GaBi software and databases should not be considered before having received any written permission from Sphera. GaBi (source code, database including extension databases modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of Sphera Solutions GmbH. Sphera Solutions GmbH delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.Aerated concreteOutput884.0884.00.000Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable